Overview - Surah 62: al-Jumu`ah (Friday)
The Surah talks about the negligence of Bani Israel in obeying the commands of Allah and becoming too much involved in worldly matters. They only carried the Books of Allah, but failed to follow these books. Muslims are urged to observe the Friday prayer and should not get involved in business so much as to neglect the remembrance of Allah.
Sections:
- Allah's favor upon Muslims that Allah sent His Prophet among them to teach them and to purify them. Bani Israel neglected the commands of Allah.
- Muslims are exhorted to observe the Friday prayers and always remember Allah.
The surah takes its name from the Ayat, يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِن يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ اللَّـهِ "O you who have believed, when [the adhan] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumu'ah [Friday], then proceed to the remembrance of Allah..." [62:9].
There are 11 Ayat in this Surah.
Overview
| Total Ayat | 11 |
| Total Words * | 175 |
| Root Words * | 80 |
| Unique Root Words * | 0 |
| Makki / Madani | Madani |
| Chronological Order* | 110th (according to Ibn Abbas) |
| Year of Revelation* | 20th year of Prophethood (7th Year Hijri) |
| Events during/before this Surah*
, Treaty of Hudaiybiyah - Letters to Kings and Rulers, Battle of Ahzab - Expedition of Banu Quraydhah, , Battle of Uhud, Change of Qiblah from Jerusalem to Makkah - Battle of Badr, Migration from Makkah to Madinah - Building of Masjid Nabi in Madinah - Treaty with Jews of Madinah - Marriage of Prophet to Aishah, , 2nd Pledge of Aqabah, 1st Pledge of Aqabah, Death of Abu Talib - Death of Khadijah - Stoning at Ta'if - al-Isra wal Mi'raj - Night Journey, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 3, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 2, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 1, 2nd Migration to Abyssinia, Physical beating and torture of some Muslims - 1st Migration of Muslims to Abyssinia, Public Invitation to Islam - Persecution of Muslims; antagonism - ridicule - derision - accusation - abuse and false propaganda., Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam , Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam , Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam
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| Events during/after still to occur*
Conquest of Makkah - Battle of Hunain,Hajj led by Abu Bakr - Expedition of Tabuk,Farewell Hajj by Prophet - Death of Prophet - End of Divine Revelation
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| Names of Prophets Mentioned
No Prophets names are mentioned in this Surah
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| Surah Index
God (knows that beyond comprehension) , Jews (claim that they alone are close to God) , Muhammad (unlettered prophet) , Prayer (day of congregation (Friday)) , Torah
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As we have explained above, the two sections of this Surah were sent down in two different periods. That is why their themes as well as their audiences are different. Although there is a kind of harmony between them on account of which they have been put together in one Surah, yet we should understand their themes separately before we consider the question of their harmony.
The first section was sent down at a time when all Jewish efforts to obstruct the message of Islam during the past six years had failed. First, in Madīnah as many as three of their powerful tribes had done whatever they could to frustrate the mission of the Prophet, with the result that one of the tribes was completely exterminated and the other two were exiled. Then by deception and conspiracy they brought many of the Arab tribes together to advance on Madīnah, but in the Battle of the Trench they were all repulsed. After this, Khaiber had become their stronghold, where a large number of the Jews expelled from Madīnah also had taken refuge. At the time these verses were revealed, that too was taken without any extraordinary effort, and the Jews at their own request agreed to live there as tenants of the Muslims. After this final defeat, the Jewish power in Arabia came to an end. Then, Wad-il-Qura, Fadak Taima’, Tabuk, all surrendered one after the other, so much so that all Arabian Jews became subdued to the same Islam which they were not prepared to tolerate before. This was the occasion when God Almighty once again addressed them in this Surah, and probably this was the last and final address that was directed to them in the Qur’an. In this they have been reminded of three things:
1. “You refused to believe in this Messenger only because he was born among a people whom you contemptuously call the “gentiles.” You were under the false delusion that the Messenger must necessarily belong to your own community. You seemed to have been convinced that anyone who claimed to be a prophet from outside your community, must be an impostor for this position had been reserved for your race, and a messenger could never be raised among the “gentiles." But among the same gentiles God has raised a Messenger who is reciting His Book in front of your very eyes, is purifying souls, and showing the Right Way to the people whose misdeeds are well known to you. This is God’s bounty, which He may bestow on anyone He may please. You have no monopoly over it so that He may bestow it over whomever you may please and may withhold it from whomever you may desire it to be withheld.”
2. “You had been made bearers of the Torah, but you did not understand your responsibility for it nor discharged it as you should have. You are like the donkey which is loaded with books, and which does not know what burden it is bearing. Rather you are worse than the donkey, for the donkey is devoid of sense, but you are intelligent. You not only evade your responsibility of being bearers of God’s book, but you do not even hesitate to deny God’s revelations deliberately. Yet, you are under the delusion that you are God’s favourites and the blessing of apostleship has been reserved for you alone. More than that, you seem to entertain the notion that whether you fulfill the demands of God’s message or not, God in any case is bound not to make any other than you the bearer of His message.”
3. “If you really were God’s favourites and you were sure of having a place of honour and high rank reserved with Him, you would not have feared death so much as to prefer a life of disgrace to death. It is only because of this fear of death that you have suffered humiliation after humiliation during the past few years. This condition is by itself a proof that you are fully conscious of your misdeeds, and your conscience is aware that if you die with these misdeeds, you will meet with a greater disgrace before God in the Hereafter than in this world.”
This is the subject matter of the first section. The second section that was sent down many years later, was appended to this Surah because in it God has bestowed Friday on the Muslims as against the Sabbath of the Jews, and God wanted to warn the Muslims not to treat their Friday as the Jews had treated their Sabbath. This section was sent down on an occasion when a trade caravan arrived in Madīnah right at the time of the Friday congregational service and hearing its clamor and drum the audience, except for 12 men, left the Prophet’s Mosque and rushed out to the caravan, although the Prophet at that time was delivering the Sermon. Thereupon it was enjoined that after the call is sounded for the Friday Prayer all trade and business and other occupations become forbidden. The believers should then suspend every kind of transaction and hasten to the remembrance of God. However, when the Prayer is over, they have the right to disperse in the land to resume their normal occupations. This section could be made an independent Surah in view of the commandments that it contains about the congregational service on Friday, and could also be included in some other Surah, but instead, it has been included here particularly in the verses in which the Jews have been warned of the causes of their evil end. Its wisdom in our opinion is the same as we have explained above.
Manuscripts / Inscriptions
16th Century
16th Century
720 H 1320 CE
720 H 1320 CE
1st Century Hijrah (7th Century CE)
1st Century Hijrah (7th Century CE)
- Both the first Ayat of Surah as-Saff [61] and Surah al-Jumuah [62] end with names of Allah, al-Azeez al-Hakeem.
- Both Surah as-Saff [61] and al-Jumu'ah [62] mention the Jews.
- Surah Saff [61:6] mentions the prophecy of the Prophet Muhammd to be sent after Jesus and Surah al-Jumuah [62:2] mentions the sending of the Prophet Muhammad.
- There is a connection between the beginning of Surah as-Saff [61], al-Jum'uah [62] and al-Munafiqun [63]. In Surah as-Saff, Allah speaks of those who say that which they do not do. In the following Surah, this concept is mentioned again in the example of Jewish scholars who are like donkeys contradicting and not benefiting from the knowledge they are carrying. Then this is again followed by the next Surah, which begins with the statements of the Hypocrites who are saying they testify to the truth, whereas in reality they are liars. All three being examples of contradictions between word and deed.
- In Ayat 9 and 10 of both Surah al-Jumu'ah [62] and al-Munafiqun [63] - we are told not be distracted from the Dhikr [remembrance] of Allah by wealth.
- The Prophet would recite this Surah in the prayer of Jumuah. Ibn Abbas reports that, وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي صَلاَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ سُورَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ "....He used to recite in Jumu'a prayer Surahs Jumu'a and al-Munafiqin." Sahih Muslim
- The Prophet said, "The best day on which the sun has risen is Friday; on it Adam was created. on it he was made to enter Paradise, on it he was expelled from it. And the last hour will take place on no day other than Friday." Sahih Muslim
This is the only Surah of the Qur'an with the word Jumu'ah [Friday].
Total Word Count per Ayat (shows how many words per Ayat) = 0* | ||
| # | Root Word | Frequency in Surah | Frequency in Qur'an |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | أ ل ه | 12 | 2851 |
| 2. | ٱلَّذِى | 6 | 1464 |
| 3. | ع ل م | 4 | 854 |
| 4. | ك و ن | 4 | 1390 |
| 5. | ح ك م | 3 | 210 |
| 6. | ف ض ل | 3 | 104 |
| 7. | م ث ل | 3 | 169 |
| 8. | ح م ل | 3 | 64 |
| 9. | ق و م | 3 | 660 |
| 10. | ق و ل | 3 | 1722 |
| Root Word | Frequency in Surah |
Frequency in Qur'an |
|---|---|---|
| أ ل ه | 12 | 2851 |
| ٱلَّذِى | 6 | 1464 |
| ع ل م | 4 | 854 |
| ك و ن | 4 | 1390 |
| ح ك م | 3 | 210 |
| ف ض ل | 3 | 104 |
| م ث ل | 3 | 169 |
| ح م ل | 3 | 64 |
| ق و م | 3 | 660 |
| ق و ل | 3 | 1722 |
- Allah has appointed Muhammad (pbuh) as His Rasool.
- Allah rebutted the claim of Jews to be the favorites of God to the exclusion of others.
- Commandment relating to the obligation of 'Friday Prayers.'
- مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ حُمِّلُوا التَّوْرَاةَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَحْمِلُوهَا كَمَثَلِ الْحِمَارِ يَحْمِلُ أَسْفَارًا "The example of those who were entrusted with the Torah and then did not take it on is like that of a donkey who carries volumes [of books]...." (62:5). Included in the implications of this Ayat is the one who reads the Qur'an, not understanding it nor acting upon it.
Tafsir Zone
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Sayyid Qutb Overview (verses 5 - 8 ) The surah then adds a statement that implies that the Israelites' role as trustees of God's message has ended. Their hearts are no longer alert, dedicated and active enough to enable them to live up to the trust they were once given: Those who were entrusted with the burden of implementing the Torah but then failed to do so are like an ass that carries a load of books. Wretched is the example of those who deny God's revelations. God does not guide the wrongdoers. (Verse 5) The Israelites were entrusted with the Torah, and charged with being true to the faith and the divine law, but they failed to do so'. The initial duty of this trust is to formulate a thorough and correct understanding of the divine message, and then to implement it both within one's own life and in human life at large. Yet the history of the Israelites, as it was in the true picture painted in the Qur'an, indicates that they did not appreciate the trust given to them. They neither understood its nature nor were they true to it. As such, they were like the example given in the surah: "Like an ass that carries a load of books. The ass benefits nothing by the books it carries. It only feels their heavy load. This is a miserable picture, but it represents a true situation: "Wretched is the example of those who deny God's revelations. God does not guide the wrongdoers." (Verse 5) Likewise are all those who were given the trust of divine faith but who failed to live up to it. Muslims across many generations, as well as those living today, who have Muslim names but who fail to live up to what Islam requires, and particularly those who read the Qur'an and Islamic books but fall short of what is required of them, are indeed like the ass carrying a load of heavy books. Unfortunately, these are numerous. The question is not that of books being carried: it is a question of understanding the books and putting into practice the teachings they impart. The Israelites used always to allege that they were God's chosen people and His beloved race, while all others are Goyim or Gentiles. They claimed that in their position they were not required to observe the laws of their own religion in their dealings with the rest of mankind: "For they say: "We have no obligation to keep faith with Gentiles. "Thus they deliberately say of God what they know to be a lie." (3: 75) They made many other false allegations, providing no evidence in support of them. Therefore, the surah invites them to make a mutual prayer. This invitation was also made on other occasions to Christian and pagan groups: Say: 'You who follow the Jewish faith./ lf you truly claim that out of all people you are God's friends, then wish for death, if your claim is true.' But they will never wish for it because of what their hands have wrought in this life. God is well aware of the wrongdoers. Say: 'The death from which you are trying to run away will certainly overtake you. You will then be returned to the One who knows the imperceptible and that which can be witnessed. He will then tell you all that you have done.' (Verses 6-8) What this invitation entails is that the two groups stand together face to face and they all pray to God to inflict punishment on the group upholding falsehood. All groups the Prophet invited to such mutual prayer feared to do so; essentially, they refused to take up the challenge. This indicates that deep inside they realized that what the Prophet said was the truth and that his faith was true. "Ibn 'Abbas reports that Abu Jahl once said: "If I see Muhammad praying at the Ka'bah, I will go to him and put my foot on his neck." When the Prophet heard this, he said: 'Had he tried to do so, the angels would have taken him away in broad daylight. Had the Jews wished for death, they would have died and seen their places in hell.' Also true is that had those invited to mutual prayer stood against the Prophet in such prayer, they would have returned home to find their families and properties perished." [Related by Ahmad, al-Bukhari, al-Nasa'i and al-Tirmidhi.] These verses may only represent a challenge to them, rather than an invitation to mutual prayer. Since they alleged that they were God's only friends among all mankind, why would they fear death, and reveal themselves to be so cowardly? If their claims were true, they would be in a position of favour with God after they die. So why does the prospect of death fill them with fear? This challenge is followed by a statement making it clear that their claims were untrue. They were aware that they had not done enough good deeds to ensure a good position with God or to hope for His reward. On the contrary, they often indulged in sin, and such indulgences made them fear death and what comes after it. A person who has not prepared for his journey will always be in fear of what may happen along the road: "But they will never wish for it because of what their hands have wrought in this lift. God is well aware of the wrongdoers." (Verse 7) A statement follows that establishes the nature of death and what comes after it. It shows them that their attempts to escape from death are of little use. It will inevitably overtake them. After death, all will return to God where they will have their deeds reckoned and where they will face the consequences of the same: "Say; The death from which you are trying to run away will certainly overtake you. You will then be returned to the One who knows the imperceptible and that which can be witnessed. He will then tell you all that you have done."' (Verses 8) This Qur'anic statement makes clear to the addressees and to everyone else the truth that people often overlook and prefer not to think about, despite facing it all the time: namely, this life is bound to end. To stay away from God during one's lifetime will not avert a person from returning to Him, for there is no refuge from God except by returning to Him. The reckoning of everyone's deeds will inevitably follow this return. There is simply no escape. The Prophet is quoted as saying: "A person who tries to run away from death is like a fox who owes a debt to the earth. He went out roaming until he was exhausted and bleeding. When he went into his hole, the earth said to him: 'Fox! Repay the debt you owe me.' He went out again wounded. He continued to bleed and his neck was cut. He then died." [Related by al-Tabari.] This Hadith so delivers a highly moving and effective picture. |
Ibn Kathir (English)
Sayyid Qutb
Sha'rawi
Al Jalalain
الطبري - جامع البيان
ابن كثير - تفسير القرآن العظيم
القرطبي - الجامع لأحكام
البغوي - معالم التنزيل
ابن أبي حاتم الرازي - تفسير القرآن
ابن عاشور - التحرير والتنوير
ابن القيم - تفسير ابن قيّم
السيوطي - الدر المنثور
الشنقيطي - أضواء البيان
ابن الجوزي - زاد المسير
الآلوسي - روح المعاني
ابن عطية - المحرر الوجيز
الرازي - مفاتيح الغيب
أبو السعود - إرشاد العقل السليم
الزمخشري - الكشاف
البقاعي - نظم الدرر
الهداية إلى بلوغ النهاية — مكي ابن أبي طالب
القاسمي - محاسن التأويل
الماوردي - النكت والعيون
السعدي - تيسير الكريم الرحمن
عبد الرحمن الثعالبي - الجواهر الحسان
السمرقندي - بحر العلوم
أبو إسحاق الثعلبي - الكشف والبيان
الشوكاني - فتح القدير
النيسابوري - التفسير البسيط
أبو حيان - البحر المحيط
البيضاوي - أنوار التنزيل
النسفي - مدارك التنزيل
ابن جُزَيّ - التسهيل لعلوم التنزيل
علي الواحدي النيسابوري - الوجيز
السيوطي - تفسير الجلالين
المختصر في التفسير — مركز تفسير
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- Surah 62. Al-Jumu'ah - Saad al Ghamidi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kO-7WPFR7m8&index=62&list=PLhM2xiAUdw2cAqW_o3zZkbhJNw0bnaBZN
- Surah 62. Al-Jumu'ah Mahmoud Khalil Al Hussary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTZ557P7kbc&index=62&list=PLxpAkjlGauHfMFWX22VZWOKpzjr-vH_BM
- Surah 62. Al-Jumu'ah Muhammad Al Luhaydan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l660CAOs0oQ&list=PLxpAkjlGauHfKAYuQLRNAZomoezhfhRZe&index=62
- Surah 62. Al-Jumu'ah Muhammad Minshawi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOyX0ZEzcBg&index=62&list=PLxpAkjlGauHdUcO_uc-8F8J2NUQRDZjPG
